Poor diet quality is associated with biochemical parameters of protein nutritional status after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

OBJECTIVE: To assess diet quality and its association with body and biochemical parameters in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: Prospective observational study with individuals of both sexes subjected to RYGB. Body composition, biochemical parameters, and diet quality were assessed before and six months after RYGB. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Data were analyzed by the paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with a significance level of 5%. Spearman's correlation and simple linear regression were performed between variables. RESULTS: The final sample included 34 patients. Their diet was classified as poor before and 6 mo after RYGB. BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, waist perimeter, serum total protein, transthyretin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and C-reactive protein decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Variations in the HEI score and caloric intake were associated with serum albumin and transthyretin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Poor diet quality was present before and six months after RYGB, and the study data suggest that poor diet quality is associated to a risk of loss of lean body mass and visceral protein six months after RYGB.

Fatores socioeconômicos, clínicos e nutricionais no ganho de peso interdialítico em usuários de hemodiálise / Factores socioeconómicos, clínicos y nutricionales en el aumento de peso interdialítico en usuarios de hemodiálisis / Socioeconomic, clinical and nutritional factors on interdialytic weight gain in haemodialysis users

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados ao ganho de peso interdialítico em usuários de serviços de hemodiálise em uma Região Metropolitana do Brasil. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico transversal envolvendo 1.024 indivíduos com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise no Brasil. O ganho de peso interdialítico foi avaliado pelo percentual de ganho de peso entre uma sessão de hemodiálise e outra. As variáveis incluídas na análise de regressão logística binária foram selecionadas considerando p< 0,10 no teste bivariado. Resultados Demonstramos que ter mais anos de estudo (OR=0,537;IC 95% = 0,310-0,931; p=0,027) e sobrepeso (OR=0,661;IC 95% = 0,461-0,948; p=0,024) ou obesidade ( OR=0,387;IC 95% = 0,246-0,608; p=<0,001) reduziu as chances de os usuários apresentarem alto ganho de peso interdialítico. Usuários sem trabalho remunerado (OR=2,025; IC 95% = 1,218-3,365; p=0,007) e que não adotavam medidas para reduzir o sal (OR=1,694; IC 95% = 1,085-2,645; p=0,020) tiveram maiores chances de ganho de peso interdialítico. Conclusão Os resultados apontam para associação entre o aumento do ganho de peso interdialítico e a ausência de trabalho remunerado e a não adoção de medidas para reduzir a ingestão de sal na dieta. Portanto, o conhecimento sobre esses fatores associados pode ser uma alternativa importante para o direcionamento individualizado dessa população.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los factores asociados al aumento de peso interdialítico en usuarios de servicios de hemodiálisis en una región metropolitana de Brasil. Métodos Estudio epidemiológico transversal que incluyó 1.024 individuos con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis en Brasil. El aumento de peso interdialítico se evaluó mediante el porcentaje de aumento de peso entre una sesión de hemodiálisis y otra. Las variables incluidas en el análisis de regresión logística binaria fueron seleccionadas considerando p< 0,10 en la prueba bivariada. Resultados Se demostró que tener más años de estudio (OR=0,537;IC 95 % = 0,310-0,931; p=0,027) y sobrepeso (OR=0,661;IC 95 % = 0,461-0,948; p=0,024) u obesidad ( OR=0,387;IC 95 % = 0,246-0,608; p=<0,001) redujo las chances de que los usuarios presenten un elevado aumento de peso interdialítico. Usuarios sin trabajo remunerado (OR=2,025; IC 95 % = 1,218-3,365; p=0,007) y que no adoptaban medidas para reducir la sal (OR=1,694; IC 95 % = 1,085-2,645; p=0,020) tuvieron más chances de aumento de peso interdialítico. Conclusión Los resultados señalan una relación entre el aumento de peso interdialítico y la ausencia de trabajo remunerado y la no adopción de medidas para reducir la ingesta de sal en la dieta. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento sobre estos factores asociados puede ser una alternativa importante para la orientación individualizada de esta población.

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with interdialytic weight gain in users of haemodialysis services in a metropolitan region of Brazil. Methods This is an cross-sectional epidemiological study with 1,024 individuals with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis in Brazil. Interdialytic weight gain was evaluated by the percentage weight gain between one haemodialysis session and another. The variables included in the binary logistic regression analysis were selected by considering p< 0.10 in the bivariate test. Results We demonstrated that having more years of study (OR=0.537;CI 95% = 0.310-0.931; p=0.027) and be overweight (OR=0.661;CI 95% = 0.461-0.948; p=0.024) or obese (OR=0.387;CI 95% = 0.246-0.608; p=<0.001) reduced the chances of users having high interdialytic weight gain. Those who did not have paid work (OR=2.025;CI 95% = 1.218-3.365; p=0.007) and not adopting measures to reduce salt increased (OR=1.694;CI 95% = 1.085-2.645; p=0.020) increased the chances of interdialytic weight. Conclusion The results point to an association between the increase in interdialytic weight gain and the absence of paid work and the non-adoption of measures to reduce salt intake in the diet. Therefore, the need for knowledge about these associated factors can be an important alternative for the individual targeting of this population.

Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Factors in Farmers in Southeastern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Metabolic syndrome is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease thus the objective of the study was to verify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in farmers, as well as to verify the association with sociodemographic, work and lifestyle factors. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study, conducted with 790 individuals. For the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were used. Pearson's chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to verify factors associated with metabolic syndrome (3) Results: The prevalence of MS according to the IDF criteria was 16.3% overall, with 9.7% of women (95% CI: 6.66-16.16) and 6.6% of men (95% CI: 5.17-11.97). According to the NCEP/ATP III criterion, it was 12.3% overall, with 7.5% corresponding to women (95% CI: 6.62-13.13) and 4.8% to men (95% CI: 3.5-8.70). With regard to the conditions that make up metabolic syndrome, it was found that high density lipoprotein, high blood pressure and high waist circumference were the most prevalent. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is considerable in the population when compared to other regions, both rural and urban, in Brazil.

Predicting mortality in neonates with gastroschisis in a Southeastern state of Brazil

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify risk factors associated with gastroschisis mortality in three neonatal intensive care units located in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of neonates with gastroschisis was performed between 2000 and 2018. Prenatal, perinatal, and postsurgical variables of survival or nonsurvival groups were compared using chi-square statistical test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression. Tests with p<0.05 were considered statistically determined. RESULTS: A total of 142 newborns were investigated. Mean maternal age, gestational age, and birth weight were lower in the group of nonsurvival (p<0.05). Poor clinical conditions during admission, complex gastroschisis, closure with silo placement, the use of blood products, surgical complications, and short bowel syndrome were more frequent in the nonsurvival group (p<0.05). Complex gastroschisis [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.74, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.274-11.019] and short bowel syndrome (adjusted OR 7.55, 95%CI 2.177-26.225) increased the risk of death. Higher birth weight inversely reduced the risk for mortality (adjusted OR 0.99, 95%CI 0.997-1.000). CONCLUSION: Complex gastroschisis and short bowel syndrome increased the risk of death, with greater birth weight being inversely correlated with the risk of mortality. The findings of this research can contribute to the formulation of protocols to improve the quality and safety of care in order to reduce neonatal mortality associated with gastroschisis.

Conicity index: an anthropometric indicator of abdominal obesity / Índice de conicidade: um indicador antropométrico de obesidade abdominal

The Brazil, as well as the world, is in a transition process, with changes in the nutritional, epidemiological and lifestyle profiles. At the same time, a progressive increase in life expectancy and the growth of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been observed in recent decades. Among them are cardiovascular diseases whose main risk factor is obesity. In this scenario, anthropometric indicators are essential for the early identification of obesity, especially obesity accumulated in the abdominal region. The conicity index is one of the recommended tools for identifying the distribution of body fat, as it is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic complications in the population, especially in individuals with NCDs. Therefore, the use of the anthropometric indicator as a screening tool both in primary care and in epidemiological studies is recommended for the early identification of abdominal obesity. Keywords: abdominal obesity; noncommunicable diseases; anthropometry

O Brasil, bem como o mundo, está em processo de transição, com alterações no perfil nutricional, epidemiológico e de estilo de vida. Paralelamente, observa-se nas últimas décadas o aumento pro-gressivo da expectativa de vida e crescimento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). En-tre elas, estão as doenças cardiovasculares que possuem como principal fator de risco a obesida-de. Nesse cenário, os indicadores antropométricos são essenciais para a identificação precoce da obesidade, principalmente daquela acumulada na região abdominal. O índice de conicidade é uma das ferramentas recomendadas para a identifica-ção da distribuição da gordura corporal, pois está associado as complicações cardiovasculares e metabólicas da população, principalmente dos in-divíduos com DCNT. Portanto, a utilização do indi-cador antropométrico como ferramenta de rastreio tanto na atenção primária quanto nos estudos epi-demiológicos é aconselhada para a identificação precoce da obesidade abdominal. Palavras-chave: obesidade abdominal, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, antropometria

Consumption of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods by individuals on hemodialysis in southeastern Brazil

Introduction: the individuals with chronic kidney disease show low adherence to a diet rich in vegetables. Objective: to evaluate the association of minimally processed and ultra-processed food consumption with socioeconomic factors, lifestyle habits, and clinical characteristics of hemodialysis service users in southeastern Brazilian.Methods: cross-sectional study with 1,024 individuals on hemodialysis from southeastern Brazil. The individuals answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic data, lifestyle habits, and food consumption. After stipulating the frequency of consumption, we classified the foods as minimally processed and ultra-processed. We investigated the association between independent variables and the consumption of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods through the binary logistic regression model with Odds Ratio (OR) and their confidence intervals (95%CI).Results: users with less than eight years of education (OR=1.706; 95%CI1.125­2.589) and with income less than two minimum wages (OR=1.349; 95%CI1.007­1.806) had lower consumption of minimally processed foods. However, individuals aged 19 to 29 years (OR=2,857, 95%CI1.464­5.576), smokers (OR=2.349; 95%CI1.237­4.462), drinkers (OR=1.835; 95%CI1.122­3.001), and with more than 6 years on hemodialysis (OR=1.975; 95%CI1.227­3.180) were more likely to have higher consumption of ultra-processed foods. Individuals that did not practice physical activity were less likely to this consumption (OR=0.638; 95%CI0.459­0.888). Conclusion: being younger, smoking, consuming alcohol, and having been on hemodialysis for more than 6 years increased the chances of greater consumption of ultra-processed foods. In addition, we associated less education and lower income with a lower consumption of minimally processed foods.

Introdução: os indivíduos com doença renal crônica apresentam baixa adesão à dieta rica em vegetais.Objetivo: avaliar a associação do consumo de alimentos minimamente processados e ultraprocessados com fatores socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida e características clínicas de usuários de serviços de hemodiálise no sudeste brasileiro.Método: estudo transversal com 1.024 indivíduos em hemodiálise da região sudeste do Brasil. Os indivíduos responderam a um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida e consumo alimentar. Após estipular a frequência de consumo, classificamos os alimentos em minimamente processados e ultraprocessados. Investigamos a associação entre as variáveis independentes e o consumo de alimentos minimamente processados e ultraprocessados por meio do modelo de regressão logística binária com Odds Ratio (OR) e seus intervalos de confiança (IC 95%). Resultados: usuários com escolaridade inferior a oito anos (OR=1,706; IC95%1,125­2,589) e com renda inferior a dois salários mínimos (OR=1,349; IC95%1,007­1,806) apresentaram menor consumo de alimentos minimamente processados. No entanto, indivíduos de 19 a 29 anos (OR=2.857, IC95%1,464­5,576), tabagistas (OR=2,349; IC95%1,237­4,462), etilistas (OR=1,835; IC95%1,122­3,001), e com mais de 6 anos em hemodiálise (OR=1,975; IC 95%1,227­3,180) apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter maior consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Indivíduos que não praticavam atividade física foram menos propensos a esse consumo (OR=0,638; IC95%0,459­0,888). Conclusão: ser mais jovem, fumar, consumir álcool e estar em hemodiálise há mais de 6 anos aumentaram as chances de maior consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Além disso, associamos menor escolaridade e menor renda ao menor consumo de alimentos minimamente processados.

Prevalence of sarcopenia in kidney transplants and their association with determinant factors of muscle homeostasis

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia is characterized by the involuntary loss of lean body mass associated with a progressive reduction of muscle strength. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in kidney transplant recipients and its association with the determining factors that control muscle homeostasis. METHODS: We evaluated renal transplant recipients undergoing follow-up at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão from June 2017 to July 2018 and who met the inclusion criteria. Sarcopenia was defined according to the European criteria. The skeletal muscle mass index was measured by dual-energy radiological absorptiometry; the values <7,26 kg/m2 for men and <5,5 kg/m2 for women were adopted for muscle depletion. For handgrip strength, values of <30 kg for men and <20 kg for women were considered as reduced muscle strength. In both sexes, the cutoff point for walking speed was <0,8 m/s. RESULTS: We evaluated 83 renal transplant recipients with a mean age of 48.8 ± 12,1 years and predominantly males (57,8%). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 19,3%. Among individuals without sarcopenia, 17,9% had a decrease in handgrip strength and 40,3% has altered gait speed. DISCUSSION: Individuals submitted to renal transplant may develop sarcopenia while still young and already present altered muscle function and strength even before the depletion of lean body mass. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis may allow the prevention of sarcopenia and provide a better quality of life for patients.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A sarcopenia é caracterizada pela perda involuntária da massa magra associada à redução da força e função muscular, de modo progressivo. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de sarcopenia em transplantados renais e sua associação com os fatores determinantes que controlam a homeostase do músculo. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados indivíduos transplantados renais em acompanhamento no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão no período de junho de 2017 a julho de 2018 e que preencheram os critérios. A sarcopenia foi definida de acordo com o critério europeu. O índice de massa muscular esquelética foi medido por meio da densitometria computadorizada por absorciometria radiológica de dupla energia; valores <7,26 kg/m2 para homens e <5,5 kg/m2 para mulheres foram adotados para depleção muscular. Para força de preensão manual, valores de <30 kg para homens e <20 kg para mulheres foram considerados como redução da força muscular. Em ambos os sexos, o ponto de corte para velocidade de marcha reduzida foi <0,8 m/s. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 83 transplantados renais, com média de idade de 48,8±12,1 anos e predominância de indivíduos do sexo masculino (57,8%). A prevalência de sarcopenia foi de 19,3%. Entre os indivíduos sem sarcopenia, 17,9% já tinham diminuição da força de preensão manual e 40,3%, alteração do teste de marcha. DISCUSSÃO: Indivíduos submetidos ao transplante renal podem desenvolver sarcopenia jovens e apresentar alteração da função e da força muscular mesmo antes da depleção da massa magra. CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico precoce pode permitir a prevenção da sarcopenia e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida aos pacientes.